It would certainly be trivial to make a diagram of el/az of certain craters or mountain peaks referenced to earth magnetic north so as to make chronometers and such for determining longitude irrelevant. No need for precision chronometers would have some subsequent effects on the industrial revolution etc. Of course on the other side of the planet they'd need such "high tech" instruments as chronometers so in sci fi mode, the high tech far siders would likely end up conquering the near siders via higher technology.
A geostationary moon, if tidally locked to present the same face to the earth all the time, would certainly be a convenient termination point for a space elevator. So rather than a space elevator dumping you off in space, you'd be dropped off on the moon. Of course some genius will start transferring the earth's biosphere, oxygen, carbon, etc to the moon and just dumping it there to terraform it. Obviously (?) you can't just run a garden hose to the moon and suck on the moon end and expect a flow rate, although it is sci-fi so maybe if you pressurized the earth side up to something approximately ridiculous, you'd be able to squirt water across to the geosync moon. I would not want to be in charge of that project...
A geostationary moon, if tidally locked to present the same face to the earth all the time, would certainly be a convenient termination point for a space elevator. So rather than a space elevator dumping you off in space, you'd be dropped off on the moon. Of course some genius will start transferring the earth's biosphere, oxygen, carbon, etc to the moon and just dumping it there to terraform it. Obviously (?) you can't just run a garden hose to the moon and suck on the moon end and expect a flow rate, although it is sci-fi so maybe if you pressurized the earth side up to something approximately ridiculous, you'd be able to squirt water across to the geosync moon. I would not want to be in charge of that project...