I've been making tourist apartments available online since 2001, long before Airbnb (a competitor for me) even existed, and I never heard anyone in any city ever complain about tourist apartments, be it Prague, Venice or Paris.
What happens is that a certain, usually small, percentage of residential apartments is made available to the tourists.
Each apartment means about one/two less hotel rooms.
Hotel rooms take space too, they are not floating over the city.
They often replace old residential buildings to build hotels effectively taking away space from residents who are pushed out of the city.
So we may say that tourism takes space in the center, not apartments.
I didn't hear much complain about this neither, as tourism brings money and, if anything, they want more of them.
It seems to me that NY has a very specific situation so Airbnb may be actually harming the residents, I don't know, but in general Airbnb is not doing anything particularly new in Europe, where apartments for short term rent have been existing for long time.
The hype is all about "rent from another human being" but the reality, and I guess most of their business in Europe, is simply providing a better platform.
Maybe NY regulators could look at Prague or Croatia to solve the problem.
Very few old residential buildings in NYC are converted into hotels, in fact it seems more common for old hotels to be converted partially or entirely into residential space. (Hotel Chelsea, The Plaza, etc) Also at least in NYC, not very many people (that I've met at least) look at living in the city center (aka Times Square) as very desirable.
Didn't Paris have a big uproar a few years ago over shorter than 30 day rentals similar to NYC's current issues?
I believe, imho, that the issue has exploded because AirBNB is a Silicon Valley backed company, and the worry is with explosive growth and scale. It's not a big problem when a miniscule amount of the apartment stock is tied up as short term rentals, but it can become a huge problem as that percentage grows.
The public and our representatives in government are more internet savvy too so these issues (or at least the stories) bubble to the top more quickly.
As a resident in NY and I can appreciate the ability AirBNB gives me to rent out my apartment easily (I haven't). But I also see that "The Man That Doesn't Exist" is "stealing" apartment stock for hotel use, which drives up my cost of living as a renter (on the flipside, his "theft" of the apartment would be beneficial to me if I was an owner, driving up the value of my property).
In Prague, just to give you an example I know well, the number of apartments for short term rent is pretty high and it grew pretty quickly too in the 90's.
The reason was not Silicon Valley growth but the end of socialism.
Internet was not involved but I don't really think the source of bookings or change really matters.
What matters is the effect on the rest of the economy and society.
As you say some people (owners in this case) profit in this situation while others suffer and are pushed in less desirable areas (that would be 99% of the time out of the center in Europe, and out of nice neighborhoods in US).
At the end for "people" aggregate (vs corporations) it may be a neutral change.
What I am saying is that NY may seems pretty special but it may not be.
The fact that Hotels are so expensive may be a sign that Airbnb is bringing some needed change in an overly protected business environment.
What if Airbnb forces some hotels to close and they free up residential space? Is this a possible effect?
It's possible, but highly unlikely imho. I haven't found AirBNB prices in NY to be all that appealing (I live in NYC). They are at a discount, but not a great enough discount for me to go AirBNB over the comfort and convenience of a hotel and often find great hotel prices with apps like HotelTonight. And when I've looked elsewhere, AirBNB places are similarly underwhelming. I can see it being cheaper for a group to rent a nice apartment vs several hotel rooms, but I often travel alone and find comfort in the convenience of a hotel.
What happens is that a certain, usually small, percentage of residential apartments is made available to the tourists.
Each apartment means about one/two less hotel rooms.
Hotel rooms take space too, they are not floating over the city. They often replace old residential buildings to build hotels effectively taking away space from residents who are pushed out of the city.
So we may say that tourism takes space in the center, not apartments.
I didn't hear much complain about this neither, as tourism brings money and, if anything, they want more of them. It seems to me that NY has a very specific situation so Airbnb may be actually harming the residents, I don't know, but in general Airbnb is not doing anything particularly new in Europe, where apartments for short term rent have been existing for long time.
The hype is all about "rent from another human being" but the reality, and I guess most of their business in Europe, is simply providing a better platform.
Maybe NY regulators could look at Prague or Croatia to solve the problem.
[edit: formatting]