I don't think the long scale actually has advantages compared to the short. One could argue euphony: the alternative repetition of million, milliard, billion, billiard, and so on, is pleasing in a way.

But really, each is just a quirk of languages. I don't expect 7 to sound like "seven" in other languages, why expect billion to sound like "billion" rather than "milliard" or "trillion"? When conveying information across languages, we use numerals, sometimes with the SI scales, which are universal.

Just another confusing faux amis to figure out when learning another language, really.