Neither did Euclid and his stuff survived. There are early not-quite-calculus ideas in Aristotle, which lends even more weight to thinking that they didn't get all the way there- if they had, and the Aristotelian stuff survived, why didn't the fully-worked-out stuff survive?
Yes, but the Romans respected Euclid. Invaders in the east were rarely so gentle - they usually had a habit of suppressing knowledge and burning libraries. (Done by both Islamic and Christian invaders). Colonialism was the final death knell for many works.
Calculus was discovered by several mathematicians in India - unfortunately little survives of several works.
Militant societies successfully preserved their knowledge and kickstarted their industrial revolution. (Relatively) Non militant societies did not and their knowledge was made extinct. But if you had ten thousand copies of works floating around - it could have survived.
Some of Aristotle's proto-calculus survived only in Arabic translation, having been lost along the way in Europe. So there's definitely a huge library of lost works.
My experience in college, trying to figure out how math ideas from the Indian subcontinent and from around Mediterranean fit together was that the only claims for ancient Hindu rigorous math were from Indian sources and they were pretty hand-wavy about rigor.
It reminded me of (a geographically, temporally translated) Tom Lehrer's "Lobachevsky."
Buddhist society was quite non-violent. So were the Jains in India. (Unsure why I am being downvoted though). Both were based on strictly following Ahimsa https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahimsa
I'm so glad you bring this up. Folks in the west just assume that large scale non violent societies are not possible. They're definitely possible and are inevitably ruined decades or centuries later by warlike invaders.
Jainism in particular should be given a massive shout-out for being the largest and oldest organized genuine religion of non violence. These are the people who are unhappy about washing dishes as killing the bacteria left of the plate is "kitchen violence".
At the risk of calling for a no-true-Scotsman response, I do not know very much about Jainism, but a quick perusal does not leave me with the impression that its adherents are much less violent when they are in charge.
"His expansion of the kingdom, especially his annexation of the kingdom of Anga to the east, is considered to have laid the foundations for the later expansion of the Mauryan Empire." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bimbisara)
"He forcefully took over the kingdom of Magadha from his father and imprisoned him. He fought a war against the Vajjika League, led by the Licchavis, and conquered the republic of Vaishali." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajatashatru)
