For Linux, look at the eBPF tools - they're really useful[0]. I've used them to troubleshoot annoying problems before, and they're far more practical to use than the usual `strace -f ./program` dance.
Troubleshooting system issues can also be done with SystemTap[1], which looks cool, but I haven't personally tried it yet.
Perf. Extremely powerful. Mostly for profiling and also some scenarios of debugging. Takes a fair bit of getting used to and each debugging session need more setup, compared to just a quick strace. When working with containers it’s even more complicated to setup unfortunately.
