That's what would happen theoretically.

In the real world what will happen is the malbehaving dominant party will capture the market by any means available to them. In thoroughly corrupt countries they will bribe legislators, in less corrupt countries they donate to the legislators' election campaigns.

This is true, but I haven't seen any coordinated efforts at market based healthcare reform. Some of the needed reforms are patently obvious (eg make arbitrary post-facto charges illegal, like every other industry), and yet there are no popular campaigns advocating for them. There are a few comments in this thread chiming in with lists of reforms, and I could write one of my own, but politically it's crickets (likely because the Parties are partially employed by the healthcare industry).

Instead I'm forced to reluctantly support single payer healthcare, despite it being a huge corporate giveaway. It's really saying something when "have the government take it over" is the clearest path to restoring a more functional market.

> make arbitrary post-facto charges illegal,

Hospitals now are required to make pricing transparent and surprise bills (out of network charges) are now prohibited, both are recent reforms.

Out of network charges are only one possible surprise, and it's yet to be seen how the cartels wriggle out of the new regulation.

As far as I am aware, you're still unable to get straightforward answers for questions like "how much will this procedure cost?". Furthermore, this "transparent pricing" revolves around publishing a fake list of inflated prices that nobody actually pays and so is effectively useless.

Meanwhile in every other industry you either get a flat fee ($30 for an oil change), or at the very least an estimate and a contract that fixes the rate (the shop rate is $80/hour, we think this will take 2 hours). Materials are often overcharged (eg $140 for a part that is easily available for $100, because it's delivered from a special supplier) but still within a workable bound, unlike say fraudulent aspirin.

This is a straightforward reform - the reason healthcare doesn't operate like this is they bought laws creating the ability to charge you without needing to establish a contract.

That's assuming that the methods used to undercut are beneficial when in reality they're just optimizing for profits over health outcomes. People don't have enough of a choice for it to matter, most people can't just find new providers. Same with ISPs

Yet we have cities with multiple ISPs which have incredibly cheap internet at blazing speeds. In my city we have 1Gbps fiber for $70/mo and the price goes down quickly as you reduce the speed. That's better than some areas of SF I think, and we only have 2 major ISPs here.

Amazing what a little competition can do. The city was smart enough when the competitor moved in to install the capacity for more ISPs to utilize the existing conduits in the future.

In Romania competition + initial lack of regulation and lucky timing led to incredible speed + cost (my ISP just launched 10Gbps fiberlink for 10EUR/mo; 2.5Gbps is 9EUR/mo, 1Gbps is 8EUR/mo, 500Mbps is 6EUR/mo and the slowest option). That said, I think we just got incredibly lucky and I wouldn't advocate "lack of regulation" in general.

Just because there are a couple exceptions doesn't mean you can write off the rest of the country's experience as irrelevant or incorrect

We can ask why those areas with no competition are so, and it is due to overwhelming anti-market bias that makes it hard for other ISPs to compete or even outlaws it directly. Meanwhile cities that have setup one touch laws or fixed right-of-way have seen robust competition emerge.

One area where markets do poorly are where the cost of service exceeds profit, like rural areas. This is an area where government intervention in the form of subsidies can help, but these can also cement single ISP marketplaces if not managed well.