That subset of opcodes is the ARM instruction set. So yes GCC will have no problem. Even the SIMD extensions are under ARM's purview.
The neural processors, GPU's, TPU's etc. aren't part of the CPU anyways (they're part of the SoC).
This fragmentation has some downsides but having a good compiler isn't one of them. It's more likely all the different ways these SoC's handle booting, connecting to peripherals, etc. This will create a huge burden on something like the Linux kernel if it attempts to support them all (for evidence, check out the recent work on Linux M1 support.. fascinating stuff).
The neural processors, GPU's, TPU's etc. aren't part of the CPU anyways (they're part of the SoC).
This fragmentation has some downsides but having a good compiler isn't one of them. It's more likely all the different ways these SoC's handle booting, connecting to peripherals, etc. This will create a huge burden on something like the Linux kernel if it attempts to support them all (for evidence, check out the recent work on Linux M1 support.. fascinating stuff).