"chicory root contains the highest concentration of inulin ... Vegetables such as sugar beets, leeks and asparagus all contain adequate concentrations of inulin. Onions and garlic are also home to a healthy supply of inulin, as are dandelion root, elecampane root and a variety of herbs. Bananas and wheat contain inulin, too."
“ITFs mostly occur in plant roots, such as Jerusalem artichokes, leeks, or salsify, where they act as a storage and stress-preservative polymer”
More details:
“..subjects were instructed to consume a hot meal for lunch and a soup for dinner, prepared with ITF-rich vegetables to ensure an uptake of at least 9 g of fructans per day (mean intake of 15 g/d)“
The entire dietary schedule is at the end of the paper... but:
'ITFs mostly occur in plant roots, such as Jerusalem artichokes, leeks, or salsify'
I also saw garlic, celery, and scallions in there, but artichokes are definitely an odd one (not a root), while the apparently similar asparagus is missing.
They're not closely related to globe artichokes, which is perhaps what you were thinking of. Jerusalem artichokes are a kind of sunflower, and globe artichokes are a kind of thistle.