My organization does this (AD domain appears to be the same as the public domain name), and I also had problems when I opted into the HTTPS DNS trial. As in, no internal servers resolved.
I had thought that internal networks these days would favor multicast resolution (LLMNR/mDNS), but that doesn't appear to be the case here. Admin work is not my wheelhouse, so I have no idea what standard practice is. What is the recommended setup for AD and name resolution configuration?
For now, we recommend having an enterprise policy for the browser configured. That is the best indication we have that the browser configuration is managed and this kind of issue might occur. We're also open to recommendations from admins on other things that might clue us in that we're in this situation. Finally, we're discussing the possibility of establishing a network standard that signals more strongly that "name shadowing" is occurring... like maybe there's some DNS response that can be configured locally that we can look to proactively and then disable DoH.
I had thought that internal networks these days would favor multicast resolution (LLMNR/mDNS), but that doesn't appear to be the case here. Admin work is not my wheelhouse, so I have no idea what standard practice is. What is the recommended setup for AD and name resolution configuration?