Some lit, Stanford CS paper: "Even accounting for these concerns, our results suggest potentially large welfare gains: one policy simulation shows crime reductions up to 24.7% with no change in jailing rates, or jailing rate reductions up to 41.9% with no increase in crime rates." Judges are famous for not even being close to the pareto optimal curve.

https://cs.stanford.edu/~jure/pubs/bail-qje17.pdf