This is actually the crucial point for me. The care and effort put into training the ANN likely far exceeds the care and effort put into training the pathologist. Pathologists learn their craft like most doctors do - a mixture of consulting text books and supervision by seniors, but mostly just by working it out themselves. Pathologists also tend to optimise for dealing with rare and unusual cases rather than small incremental gains in their performance on routune diagnoses, because of how they are assessed in exams (ie more breadth than depth of knowledge). This gives them good 'general AI' for whatever case walks in the door, rather than a highly constrained test set of one type of case.