Raccoons are actually closer to weasels and ferrets than to bears. Procyonidae, the family that includes raccoons, is a member of the superfamily Musteloidea, which also includes weasels and ferrets. Bears are members of another superfamily, Ursoidea.
Here's the family tree (scroll down for the diagram):
This neglects the cost of extraction.
In particular, the most rare (and therefore precious) commodity in the solar system and indeed the universe is the 4 billion year old bioreactor we refer to as "topsoil".
Getting all the other elemental material we need without screwing that up will be a win for our descendants.
The topsoil lost from mining is miniscule compared to other causes. Most mines aren't even located in places that could be used as productive farmland.
Charcoal is very much in use around the world, forests are now small enough that entire forests are marked to make way for mines, and forests are not-self renewing on time nor does a mine convert back into a forest.
I would wager that over the last several decades
BLAST (basic local alignment search tool)
has done more to advance our knowledge of biology than any other algorithm.
BLAST isn't a dynamic programming algorithm. It's not guaranteed to find an optimal solution, unlike a DP algorithm. It has some elements of DP, but that's it.
"The heart of many well-known programs is a dynamic programming algorithm, or a fast approximation of one, including sequence database search programs like BLAST..."
All DP algorithms guarantee an optimal result. It's a defining characteristic of DP. BLAST doesn't. I'm really surprised that you're attempting to debate this.
I'm clearly not going to understand your motivation so I think I'll stop here.
(edit: There is absolutely nothing stopping heuristics and DP being combined; in fact they have to be in eg. database optimisation. A pure DP solution to query optimisation will be optimal, but will take unbounded (lthough finite) time, which is unacceptable. DP and heuristics are combined to both guide the DP search and bound it after a strict time (usually a couple of seconds CPU) by when it is hopefully 'good enough').
You're wrong, and I don't know why you're being stubborn about this. HDP is a different class of algorithms that uses DP, but it is not DP. A basic read of wikipedia of dynamic programming reveals the key pieces of DP:
There are two key attributes that a problem must have in order for dynamic programming to be applicable: optimal substructure and overlapping sub-problems. ... Optimal substructure means that the solution to a given optimization problem can be obtained by the combination of optimal solutions to its sub-problems.
Well, perhaps you use different definitions than I do, but it should be obvious that it is possible to design an algorithm using dynamic programming that does not solve the problem optimally. By optimally here, I mean always output the optimal solution.
If you, by optimization mean that there's a function value you are maximizing or minimizing, than that's not true either, since Subset Sum and Hamiltonian path are canonical decision problems for which DP is used.
Heck, you can even take the standard TSP DP algorithm and, instead of looking at all possible "exit vertices" in linear time, look at a randomly chosen constant number of candidates, thereby reducing the running time by a factor n and getting a randomized heuristic function not guaranteed to give the optimal value.
Technically if you car is recent, it is a cell phone with wheels but I digress.
This reminds me of biologists bickering about what is or is not a gene,
and endless snorefests of ontologists bickering about the semantics of a label on an edge in a graph.
That's a very misleading statement. IRIs are for the majority of people in the world whose language isn't written exclusively with the Latin script - more specifically, the ASCII version of the Latin script, which doesn't even include diacritical marks. The IRI https://example.com/menu/pâtés is a lot better than the best equivalent URI: https://example.com/menu/p%C3%A2t%C3%A9s
My only exposure was folks using it to gloss over what could have been expressed in 7 bit clean ascii if you knew the codepage it had been encoded with.
I apologize for the mischaracterization of legitimate use.
Total bike and trailer builder and believer of yore here.
One can fail to appreciate the additional breaking forces
and shifts in balance a loaded trailer introduces to the bicycle.
Where the trailer attaches should be as close to the center of gravity of the bike & rider as possible so the trailer's resultant forces have the least leverage.
The trailer hitch should be rotationaly neutral which is a gentler way of saying
if the trailer flips over it should not take the bike down with it.
If the trailer has its own breaks they should slightly and lightly lead the bikes rear break.
Being careful helps, I never wrecked, but do see how the addition of electrical assist does up the concern as it could result in more mass moving fast.
source me: CS by edu, science geek by choice.